Central objective of ASHRI-2 was to improve the knowledge on aquifers, including their location, nature and dynamics, via an inventory of physical groundwater occurrence and related hydrogeological regimes and dynamics. This was exemplified for chosen prime groundwater basins. The purpose of the survey was to update the present understanding of the regional hydrogeological conditions as described by the Phase-I program, and serve as a tool for exploring, assessing, monitoring, utilizing and managing groundwater resources in Iraq, in pursuit of an Integrated Groundwater Resources Management (IGRM), including catchment management, and trans-boundary aspects.